N5 · Unit 4
Lesson 16Spacious and bright
Connect several qualities, describe a continuing resulting state, and say that something has not happened yet.
What you learn
Connect several qualities, describe a continuing resulting state, and say that something has not happened yet.
Learning points
- Connecting adjectives and nouns
- States resulting from actions
- Not yet completed
Why this lesson comes now
This lesson connects what you can already say to a new way of expressing it. Hear the key sentences, understand the structure, then use it in a real situation.
Your next step
Listen to the key sentences, understand the pattern, finish the examples and vocabulary, then continue to the next lesson.
Open the interactive lessonCore pattern
い形容詞くて / な形容詞で / 名詞で ・ 動詞ています ・ まだ 動詞ていませんBeginner explanation
To connect qualities, replace the final い of an i-adjective with くて; use で with na-adjectives and nouns. Some 〜ています forms describe a continuing resulting state, as in かばんを持っています. まだ〜ていません means 'not yet'.
Understand these sentences first
- この 部屋は 広くて 明るいです。kono heya wa hirokute akarui desu
This room is spacious and bright.
- この アプリは 簡単で 便利です。kono apuri wa kantan de benri desu
This app is simple and convenient.
- 私は 青い かばんを 持っています。watashi wa aoi kaban o motte imasu
I have a blue bag with me.
- まだ 昼ご飯を 食べていません。mada hirugohan o tabete imasen
I have not eaten lunch yet.
Core vocabulary
- 広いひろいspacious
- 明るいあかるいbright
- 簡単かんたんsimple
- 便利べんりconvenient
- 持ちますもちますhold; have
- 住みますすみますlive
- 青いあおいblue
- まだまだstill; not yet
Grammar, one point at a time
Change final い to くて to link an i-adjective
i-adjective くて、adjective／clauseChange the earlier adjective to くて; the final item determines tense and politeness. It can link to an i-adjective or na-adjective and can modify a noun as a complete phrase.
Examples
- 部屋は 広くて 明るいです。The room is spacious and bright.
- 軽くて 暖かい コートです。It is a light, warm coat.
Add で to link a na-adjective
na-adjective で、adjective／clauseAs a predicate say 便利です; when linking another quality say 便利で. This で is a linking form, not the particle for action location or means.
Examples
- 操作は 簡単で 便利です。The controls are simple and convenient.
- 公園は 静かで 広いです。The park is quiet and spacious.
Use で to link one noun predicate to another
N1 で、N2 ですChange です after the first noun to で and add another identity, affiliation, or origin. Keep です on the final item.
Examples
- 旅行会社の 社員で、営業部の 部長です。He is an employee of a travel company and head of sales.
- この 製品は 日本製で、新しい 型です。This product is made in Japan and is a new model.
Vています can describe a state resulting from an earlier action
Vて います読んでいます can mean reading now. 住んでいます, 持っています, 結婚しています, and 知っています normally describe a present state resulting from an earlier event. Use the verb meaning to identify the reading.
Examples
- 東京に 住んでいます。I live in Tokyo.
- 車を 持っています。I own a car.
- 結婚しています。I am married.
Clause-final が links contrasting or unexpected information
clause 1 が、clause 2Use が when the second clause contrasts with the expectation created by the first. It links clauses more tightly than standalone conversational でも. Do not choose mechanically from an English but.
Examples
- 3か月 練習しましたが、まだ あまり できません。I practised for three months, but I still cannot do it very well.
- 料理は おいしいですが、少し 高いです。The food is tasty, but a little expensive.
まだ + negative means not yet at a level or not yet completed
まだ negative／まだ VていませんFor an ability or level not yet reached, say まだ上手ではありません. The negative answer to もう〜ましたか uses まだ〜ていません. A standalone まだです is possible when the context is clear.
Examples
- まだ あまり できません。I still cannot do it very well.
- もう 結婚していますか。— いいえ、まだ 結婚していません。Are you married already? — No, not yet.
Expressions and situations
The normal negative of 知っています is 知りません
For knowing or being acquainted, the affirmative is 知っています and the normal negative is 知りません, not a mechanically symmetrical 知っていません. The latter can occur in special contrastive contexts but is not the beginner default.
- 田中さんを 知っていますか。— いいえ、知りません。Do you know Tanaka? — No, I do not.
Body part + adjective describes a visible feature
Common collocations include 背が高い／低い, 髪が長い／短い, 目が大きい／小さい, and 足が太い／細い. When describing real people, be respectful and avoid treating appearance as a value judgement.
- 髪が 短くて、目が 大きい 人です。They have short hair and large eyes.
Expense words use 費, 料, or 代 by collocation
会費, 交通費, and 食費 commonly take 費; 入場料, 使用料, 送料, and 手数料 take 料; 電気代, 水道代, and タクシー代 take 代. These are established collocations rather than interchangeable translations of fee.
Loanwords may use Latin-letter initialisms directly
The letters in IDカード and IT産業 are read with Japanese letter names. Workplaces use many abbreviations, so confirm the full form and meaning at first occurrence.
- IDカードを 見せてください。Please show your ID card.
あります can express possession; people and animals use います
For inanimate possessions use 車があります or お金がありません. For family members, pets, and other animate beings use 弟がいます or 猫がいます. 持っています is also common for owning portable items.
- 弟が 2人 います。I have two younger brothers.
- 車を 持っています。I own a car.
ちゃんと means correctly, fully, or in proper order
This conversational adverb appears in ちゃんと片づける, ちゃんと持つ, and ちゃんと確認する. Whether it sounds reproachful depends on relationship and intonation.
- IDカードは ちゃんと 持っています。I have my ID card with me.
ほら draws the listener's attention
It means look or see and can accompany showing an item. It may be too casual with strangers or in formal settings; use こちらです or ご覧ください instead.
- ちゃんと あります。ほら。I have it. Look.
ずいぶん marks a degree far beyond expectation
It can evaluate either positive or negative degree, as in ずいぶん上手 or ずいぶん大きい. Because it carries the speaker's judgement, use care when commenting on someone's body or identity.
- その かばんは ずいぶん 大きいですね。That bag is very large.
派手 and 地味 mean flashy and subdued, not absolute good and bad
Use 派手 for visually striking colours or design and 地味 for subdued styles. 嫌いじゃありません means not dislike and is weaker than saying like.
- 派手ですが、嫌いじゃ ありません。It is flashy, but I do not dislike it.
What you should be able to do
- Change i-adjectives to くて and na-adjectives or nouns to で.
- Link two or three features of people, places, and objects while keeping a complete final ending.
- Distinguish ongoing ています from result states with 住む, 持つ, and 結婚する.
- Practise affirmative 知っています and normal negative 知りません.
- Use が for contrasts such as practised but cannot yet and tasty but expensive.
- Complete an original exhibition-entry task: describe the building, confirm an ID card, ask about admission, and find accessible facilities.
Culture and real use
Visitor services, identification, and accessible routes at large exhibition venues
Large exhibitions may require advance registration, an admission badge, or identification, depending on the organizer. Tokyo Big Sight's official visitor information lists information counters, lockers, parcel services, free Wi-Fi, dining, and accessibility services. Its accessibility page describes accessible restrooms, designated parking, elevator routes from nearby stations, and admission of assistance dogs. Event times, fees, photography, and security rules vary, so check both the event and venue notices before travel.
- 入場には IDカードが 必要ですか。Is an ID card required for entry?
- 車いすを 借りても いいですか。May I borrow a wheelchair?
- エレベーターは どこですか。Where is the lift?